Vision correction method for tool center point of a robot manipulator

ABSTRACT

A vision correction method for establishing the position of a tool center point (TCP) for a robot manipulator includes the steps of: defining a preset position of the TCP; defining a preset coordinate system T G  with the preset position of the TCP as its origin; capturing a two-dimensional picture of the preset coordinate system T G  to establish a visual coordinate system T V ; calculating a scaling ratio λ of the vision coordinate system T V  relative to the preset coordinate system T G ; rotating the TCP relative to axes of the preset coordinate system T G ; capturing pictures of the TCP prior to and after rotation; calculating the deviation ΔP between the preset position and actual position of the TCP; correcting the preset position and corresponding coordinate system T G  using ΔP, and repeating the rotation through correction steps until ΔP is less than or equal to a maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure generally relates to correction methods for robot manipulators, and particularly to a vision correction method for tool center point of a robot manipulator.

2. Description of Related Art

Robot manipulators are used in various industrial fields to fulfill the task requirements for product assembling, welding and other tasks automatically. A robot manipulator of related art may be equipped with a tool, such as a gripper, a cutting device, a glue dispenser or a fixture mounted to a distal end thereof. The tool has a specific defined point, called the Tool Center Point (TCP), that is commanded to move to various positions in the workspace when a robot manipulator performs a task. In use, the positional accuracy of the robot manipulator directly depends on knowing the precise position of the TCP relative to the robot manipulator's distal end. Since the tool may have been mounted to the distal end of the robot manipulator manually, an alignment error may arise between the tool and the robot manipulator, causing the TCP to deviate from its expected position. Thus, to ensure tasks are performed with high positional accuracy, the position of the TCP relative to the robot manipulator's distal end must be calibrated to correct for tool misalignment after mounting or collision. Presently, the standard method for calibrating the TCP position requires an operator to visually guide the TCP to a specific point in the workspace with the tool at a minium of four different orientations. This is a time-consuming and inconvenient manual process, and the correction precision is not guaranteed. Automated calibration systems that use light beams to determine the TCP position are known in the art. However, these automated systems are not widely used due to their high cost, laborious setup process, or long calibration process time.

Therefore, there is room for improvement within the art.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, the emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout several views, and all the views are schematic.

FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of a vision correction method for a tool center point of a robot manipulator.

FIG. 2 shows an isometric view of the robot manipulator.

FIG. 3 shows a partially enlarged view of the robot manipulator of FIG. 2.

FIGS. 4 through 8 show five different coordinate views of the robot manipulator for illustrating the vision correction method for tool center point of the robot manipulator of the embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, an embodiment of a robot manipulator 100 includes a main body 10 and a controller 30 connected to the main body 10. The main body 10 consists of multiple mechanical linkages and includes a base 11 and a drive mechanism 13 that moves the mechanical linkages. The drive mechanism 13 is mounted in the main body 10 and connected with the controller 30. A tool 15 is assembled to a distal end of the main body 10. A vision lens 17 is positioned to one side of the tool 15. The controller 30 includes a preset control software (not shown and not illustrated) and a data storage facility (also not shown and illustrated) installed therein for driving and controlling the drive mechanism 13 to move the tool 15. In the illustrated embodiment, the drive mechanism 13 is a multi-axis drive mechanism controlled by the controller 30. The tool 15 has a defined tool center point (TCP) 151 formed at a distal end of the tool 15. The vision lens 17 is configured for taking a plurality of different images of the tool 15. The robot manipulator 100 has a predefined basic coordinate system T₀ at the distal end of the main body 10. The basic coordinate system T₀ includes three coordinate axes (X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis) intersecting with each other perpendicularly. A point of origin of the basic coordinate system T₀ is defined as O (0, 0, 0). This basic coordinate system is typically centered on a mounting flange at the distal end of the robot manipulator. After mounting the tool 15 onto the mounting flange, the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is positioned within the basic coordinate system T₀ of the robot manipulator 100. The position of the TCP 151 within the basic coordinate system T₀ is only known approximately due to tool misalignment after mounting; variances in tool fabrication also contributes to uncertainty in the position of the TCP 151. The object of the invention is to correct the position of the TCP 151 from an approximate value to a highly accurate value.

Also referring to FIG. 1, a vision correction method of an embodiment for correcting the position of the TCP 151 of the robot manipulator 100 is illustrated as follows.

In step S101, a preset position of the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is defined as P₀; the preset position P₀ is an estimate of the actual position of the TCP 151 of the tool 15. The corresponding coordinate value of the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 within the basic coordinate system T₀ is defined as (X_(g), Y_(g), Z_(g)). A preset coordinate system T_(G) is thus established based on the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 of the tool 15. Specifically, the origin of the preset coordinate system T_(G) is the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 of the tool 15. The preset coordinate system T_(G) includes three coordinate axes X_(G)-axis, Y_(G)-axis and Z_(G)-axis, each coordinate axis of the preset coordinate system T_(G) is positioned parallel to the corresponding three coordinate axes X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis of the basic coordinate system T₀. The coordinate value of the origin/preset position P₀ (X_(g), Y_(g), Z_(g)) of the preset coordinate system T_(G) within the basic coordinate system T₀ is stored into the preset control software of the controller 30. During usage, the position of the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 of the tool 15 can be adjusted and moved by adjusting the position parameters of the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 of the tool 15 that are stored within the preset control software of the controller 30. The actual position of the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is defined as P₁, and thus, the corresponding coordinate value of the actual TCP 151 formed within the preset coordinate system T_(G) is defined as P₁ (X₁, Y₁, Z₁). Any deviation between the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 and the actual position of the TCP 151 (P₁) is defined as ΔP (Δx, Δy, Δz), namely, the deviation between the origin of the preset coordinate system T_(G) (X_(g), Y_(g), Z_(g)) and the actual position of the TCP 151 (P₁) is defined as ΔP (Δx, Δy, Δz).

In step S102, the vision lens 17 is adjusted to aim at and be parallel to an X_(G)Z_(G) plane of the preset coordinate system T_(G). The vision lens 17 captures a two-dimensional picture of the X_(G)Z_(G) plane of the preset coordinate system T_(G). A two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) is established based on the two-dimensional picture of the X_(G)Z_(G) plane of the preset coordinate system T_(G). The origin of the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) is defined as O′ (0, 0). The two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) includes an x-axis and a z-axis intersecting with the x-axis perpendicularly. The x-axis and the z-axis are parallel to the corresponding X_(G)-axis and Y_(G)-axis of the preset coordinate system T_(G) respectively. The corresponding coordinate value of the actual TCP 151 captured by the vision lens within the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) is defined as P₁′ (x₁, z₁).

Also referring to FIG. 4, in step S103, the drive mechanism 13, controlled by the controller 30, causes the TCP 151 of the tool 15 to move along the X_(G)-axis direction and to finally stop at a position P₂ with a X_(G)-axis directional distance of about X₂. The corresponding coordinate value of the actual TCP 151 positioned at the position P₂ relative to the preset coordinate system T_(G) can be figured as P₂ (X₁−X₂, 0, 0). The vision lens 17 then captures a picture of the TCP 151 of the tool 15 positioned at the position P₂. The corresponding coordinate value of the TCP 151 formed within the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) can be calculated as P₂′ (x₁−x₂, z₁). And thus, the scaling ratio λ of the vision coordinate system T_(V) relative to the preset coordinate system T_(G) can be easily calculated as λ=(X₁−X₂)/(x₁−x₂).

Also referring to FIG. 5, in step S104, the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is firstly moved back to its original position P₁, and then the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is driven to rotate about the Z_(G)-axis of the preset coordinate system T_(G) by about 180 degrees, and finally stop at a position P₃. The corresponding coordinate value of the actual TCP 151 positioned at the position P₃ relative to the preset coordinate system T_(G) can be figured as P₃ (X₃, Y₃, Z₃). The vision lens 17 captures a picture of the TCP 151 of the tool 15 positioned at the position P₃. The corresponding coordinate value of the TCP 151 formed within the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) can be defined as P₃′ (x₃, z3). The distance between the x₃ and x₁ as shown in visual coordinate system T_(V) can be easily calculated. Since the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is rotated relative to the Z_(G)-axis direction of the preset coordinate system T_(G) to about 180 degrees, the following mathematical functional relationships can be easily established: X₁−X₃=2Δx; Z₃=Z₁; 2Δx==λ(x₁−x₃). Thus the value of Δx can be easily calculated by means of the aforementioned mathematical functional relationships.

Also referring to FIG. 6, in step S105, the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is firstly moved back to its original position P₁, and then the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is driven to rotate by about 90 degrees relative to the Z_(G)-axis direction of the preset coordinate system T_(G), and finally stop at a position P₄. The corresponding coordinate value of the actual TCP 151 positioned at the position P₄ relative to the preset coordinate system T_(G) can be marked or designated as P₄ (X₄, Y₄, Z₄). The vision lens 17 captures a picture of the TCP 151 of the tool 15 positioned at the position P₄. The corresponding coordinate value of the TCP 151 formed within the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) can be defined as P₄ ^(′) (x₄, z₄). The distance between the x₄ and x₁ as shown in visual coordinate system T_(V) can be easily calculated. Since the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is rotated relative to the Z_(G)-axis direction of the preset coordinate system T_(G) by about 90 degrees, the following mathematical function relationships can thus be easily defined: X₁−X₄=Δx+Δy; Y₁−Y₄=Δy−Δx; Z₄=Z₁; Δx+Δy=X₁−X₄=λ(x₁−x₄). Thereby, since the value of Δx has been calculated in the previous step S104, the value of Δy can be calculated by means of the aforementioned functional relationships.

Also referring to FIG. 7, in step S106, the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is firstly moved back to its original position P₁, and then the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is driven to rotate about 90 degrees about the Y_(G)-axis direction of the preset coordinate system T_(G), and finally stop at a position P₅. The corresponding coordinate value of the actual TCP 151 at the position P₅ relative to the preset coordinate system T_(G) can be designated or marked as P₅ (X₅, Y₅, Z₅). The vision lens 17 captures a picture of the TCP 151 of the tool 15 when at the position P₅. The corresponding coordinate value of the TCP 151 formed within the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) can be defined as P₅′ (x₅, z₅). The distance between the z₅ and z₁ as shown in visual coordinate system T_(V) can be easily calculated. Since the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is rotated relative to the Y_(G)-axis direction of the preset coordinate system T_(G) by about 90 degrees, thus the following functional relationships can be easily established: Z₁−Z₅ =Δx+Δz; X₁−X₅=Δx−Δz; Δx+Δz=Z₁−Z₅=λ(z₁−z₅). Thus value of Δz can be easily calculated by means of the aforementioned relationships.

In step S107, the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is moved back to its original position P₁. The deviation ΔP (Δx, Δy, Δz) between the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 and the actual position of the TCP 151 (P₁) is calculated by means of the aforementioned functional relationships and compared with the maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator 100.

In step S108, if the deviation ΔP (Δx, Δy, Δz) is less than or equal to the maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator 100, the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 then can be considered as the actual position of the TCP 151 (P₁) thereby completing the coordinate correction work. By means of this procedure, there is no need to further correct the coordinates of the TCP 151 of the robot manipulator 100.

The corresponding coordinate value (X_(g), Y_(g), Z_(g)) of the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 within the basic coordinate system T₀ can be directly considered as the actual position of the TCP 151 (P₁).

Also referring to FIG. 8, in step S109, if the magnitude of the deviation ΔP (Δx, Δy, Δz) is greater than the maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator 100, the position parameters of the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 that are stored within the control software of the controller 30 then can be amended by adding a deviation ΔP. Specifically, the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 relative to the basic coordinate system T₀ is changed into (Xg+Δx, Yg+Δy, Zg+Δz). Thereby, the newly-changed coordinate value (Xg+Δx, Yg+Δy, Zg+Δz) of the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 can be considered as the new preset position of the TCP 151, the aforementioned steps S101˜S109 are repeated until the deviation between the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 and the actual position of the TCP 151 is less than or equal to the maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator 100, to altogether complete the coordinate correction to the TCP 151 of the robot manipulator 100 and obtain the correct position of the actual TCP 151 relative to the basic coordinate system T₀. Correction usually cannot be completed in a single iteration through steps S101˜S109, because alignment error between the vision coordinate system T_(V) and the preset coordinate system T_(G) , vision lens distortion, and error in calibrating λ will produce error in the calculation of ΔP (Δx, Δy, Δz). The error is reduced successively through each iteration of steps S101˜S109.

In another embodiment, the coordinate axes of the preset coordinate system T_(G) are not parallel to the corresponding coordinate axes of the basic coordinate system T₀.

The basic coordinate system T₀ can also be defined at other positions, such as at the base 11.

In another embodiment, the vision lens 17 can also include a picture analysis unit to facilitate the calculation of the scaling ratio λ of the vision coordinate system T_(V) relative to the preset coordinate system T_(G), so that the step 103 is rendered non-fundamental or mandatory. The sequence of order of the steps S103, S104 and S105 is not fixed.

In another embodiment, the deviation ΔP (Δx, Δy, Δz) between the preset position P₀ of the TCP 151 and the actual position of the TCP P₁ can be established by other means. Another method to calculate the deviation ΔP (Δx, Δy, Δz) between the preset position of the TCP 151 and the actual position of the TCP 151 is as follows:

Firstly, the actual position of the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is defined as P_(T), and the coordinate value of the actual TCP 151 formed within the preset coordinate system T_(G) is defined as P_(T) (X_(T), Y_(T), Z_(T)). The preset position of the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is defined as P_(G), and the preset coordinate system T_(G) is thus established based on the preset position P_(G) of the TCP 151 of the tool 15. Since the origin of the preset coordinate system T_(G) is the preset position P_(G) of the TCP 151 of the tool 15, thus, the deviation ΔP (Δx, Δy, Δz) between the preset position of the TCP P_(G) and the actual position of the TCP P_(T) is calculable according to the following equations:

Δx=X _(T) ; Δy=Y _(T′) ; Δz=Z _(T).   Equation (1)

The vision lens 17 then takes a two-dimensional picture of the X_(G)Z_(G) plane of the preset coordinate system T_(G). A two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) is established based on the two-dimensional picture of the X_(G)Z_(G) plane of the preset coordinate system T_(G). The corresponding coordinate value of the actual TCP 151 formed within the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) is defined as P_(T)′ (X_(T)′, X_(T)′).

Secondly, the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is rotated by the drive mechanism 13 relative to the Z_(G)-axis direction of the preset coordinate system T_(G) about θ₁ degrees, and finally stop at a position P_(T1). The corresponding coordinate value of the actual TCP 151 positioned at the position P_(T1) relative to the preset coordinate system T_(G) can be denoted or designated as P_(T1)(X_(T1), Y_(T1), Z_(T1)). The vision lens 17 captures a picture of the TCP 151 of the tool 15 positioned at the position P_(T1). The corresponding coordinate value of the TCP 151 formed within the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) can be defined as P_(T1)′ (X_(T1)′, Z_(T1)′). The functional relationships between the coordinate value P_(T) (X_(T), Y_(T), Z_(T)) of the actual TCP 151 and the coordinate value P_(T1)(X_(T1), Y_(T1), Z_(T1)) of the position P_(T1) of the TCP 151 can be presented as follow in equation (2):

$\begin{matrix} {{{X_{T} - X_{T\; 1}} = {X_{T} - {\sqrt{X_{T}^{2} + Y_{T}^{2}} \cdot {\cos\left( {\theta_{1} + {{arc}\; \cos \frac{X_{T}}{\sqrt{X_{T}^{2} + Y_{T}^{2}}}}} \right)}}}};} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} (2)} \end{matrix}$

since X_(T)−X_(T1)=λ*(x_(T)′−x_(T1)′); Δx=X_(T); and Δy=Y_(T); the value of x_(T)′−x_(T1)′ can be calculated from the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V); and thus, a new formula, referred to as Equation (3):

$\begin{matrix} {{\lambda*\left( {X_{T}^{\prime} - X_{T\; 1}^{\prime}} \right)} = {{\Delta \; x} - {\sqrt{{\Delta \; x^{2}} + {\Delta \; y^{2}}} \cdot {\cos\left( {\theta_{1} + {{arc}\; \cos \frac{\Delta \; x}{\sqrt{{\Delta \; x^{2}} + {\Delta \; y^{2}}}}}} \right)}}}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} (3)} \end{matrix}$

can be established based on the aforementioned functional relationships.

Thirdly, the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is then moved back to its original position, and then the TCP 151 of the tool 15 is rotated relative to the Y_(G)-axis direction of the preset coordinate system T_(G) about θ₂ degrees, and finally stops at a position P_(T2). The corresponding coordinate value of the actual TCP 151 positioned at the position P_(T2) relative to the preset coordinate system T_(G) can be figured as P_(T2) (X_(T2), Y_(T2), Z_(T2)). The vision lens 17 captures a picture of the TCP 151 of the tool 15 positioned at the position P_(T2). The corresponding coordinate value of the TCP 151 formed within the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) can be defined as P_(T2)′ (X_(T2)′, z_(T2)′). The functional relationships between the coordinate value P_(T) (X_(T), Y_(T), Z_(T)) of the actual TCP 151 and the coordinate value P_(T2) (X_(T2), Y_(T2), Z_(T2)) of the position P_(T2) of the TCP 151 can be established as follows, in equations (4) and (5):

$\begin{matrix} {{{X_{T} - X_{T\; 2}} = {X_{T} - {\sqrt{X_{T}^{2} + Z_{T}^{2}} \cdot {\cos\left( {\theta_{2} + {{arc}\; \cos \frac{X_{T}}{\sqrt{X_{T}^{2} + Z_{T}^{2}}}}} \right)}}}};} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} (4)} \\ {{{Z_{T} - Z_{T\; 2}} = {Z_{T} - {\sqrt{X_{T}^{2} + Z_{T}^{2}} \cdot {\cos\left( {\theta_{2} + {{arc}\; \cos \frac{Z_{T}}{\sqrt{X_{T}^{2} + Z_{T}^{2}}}}} \right)}}}};} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} (5)} \end{matrix}$

Since X_(T)−X_(T1)=λ*(X_(T)′−x_(T1)′); Z_(T)−Z_(T1)=λ*(z_(T)′−z_(T1)′); Δx=X_(T); Δy=Y_(T); and Δz=Z_(T); the value of x_(T)′−x_(T2)′ and z_(T)′−z_(T2)′ can be calculated from the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V); and thus, the following equations (6) and (7) can be formulated based on the aforementioned functional relationships:

$\begin{matrix} {{\lambda*\left( {X_{T}^{\prime} - X_{T\; 2}^{\prime}} \right)} = {{\Delta \; x} - {\sqrt{{\Delta \; x^{2}} + {\Delta \; z^{2}}} \cdot {\cos\left( {\theta_{2} + {{arc}\; \cos \frac{\Delta \; x}{\sqrt{{\Delta \; x^{2}} + {\Delta \; z^{2}}}}}} \right)}}}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} (6)} \\ {{\lambda*\left( {Z_{T}^{\prime} - Z_{T\; 2}^{\prime}} \right)} = {{\Delta \; z} - {\sqrt{{\Delta \; x^{2}} + {\Delta \; z^{2}}} \cdot {\cos\left( {\theta_{2} + {{arc}\; \cos \frac{\Delta \; z}{\sqrt{{\Delta \; x^{2}} + {\Delta \; z^{2}}}}}} \right)}}}} & {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} (7)} \end{matrix}$

The values of Δx, Δy, Δz can be determined by solving the aforementioned formulas in equations (3), (6) and (7). And thus, the deviation ΔP (Δx, Δy, Δz) between the preset position of the TCP 151 and the actual position of the TCP 151 is expressly defined.

While various embodiments have been described and illustrated, the disclosure is not to be construed as being limited thereto. Various modifications can be made to the embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. 

1. A vision correction method for tool center point (TCP) of a robot manipulator, the robot manipulator comprising a main body, a drive mechanism, a controller for controlling the drive mechanism, a tool assembled to a distal end of the main body and having the TCP, and a vision lens positioned to one side of the tool; the robot manipulator predefining a basic coordinate system having three axes, the vision correction method comprising the following steps: defining a preset position P₀ of the TCP and establishing a preset coordinate system T_(G) based on the preset position P₀, defining the actual position of the TCP as P₁; capturing a picture of the actual TCP and establishing a two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) based on the picture, defining the corresponding coordinate of the actual TCP formed within the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) as P₁′; calculating a scaling ratio λ of the vision coordinate system T_(V) relative to the preset coordinate system T_(G); driving the tool to rotate relative to one axis of the preset coordinate system T_(G) by θ₁ degrees, and obtaining the coordinate value P₂ of the TCP of the tool; capturing a picture of the actual TCP and obtaining the corresponding coordinate P₂′ of the actual TCP formed within the visual coordinate system T_(V); driving the tool to rotate relative to another axis of the preset coordinate system T_(G) by θ₂ degrees, and then obtaining the coordinate value P₃ of the TCP of the tool; capturing a picture of the actual TCP and obtaining the corresponding coordinate P₃′ of the actual TCP formed within the visual coordinate system T_(V); calculating a deviation ΔP between the preset position P₀ and the actual position P₁ of the TCP, and then comparing the deviation ΔP with a maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator; wherein, if the deviation ΔP is less than or equal to the maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator, the preset position P₀ of the TCP is thereby considered as the actual position P₁ of the TCP and finishing the coordinate correction work; if the deviation ΔP is greater than the maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator, then, amending the position parameters of the preset position P₀ of the TCP, and repeating the vision correction method for tool center point till the final deviation is less than or equal to the maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator.
 2. The vision correction method of claim 1, wherein the origin of the basic coordinate system T₀ is established at the distal end of the main body, the preset position P₀ is an estimated position close to the actual position of the TCP of the tool.
 3. The vision correction method of claim 2, wherein the robot manipulator further comprises a base, the drive mechanism is mounted in the main body and connected with the controller, the controller comprises a preset control software installed therein for driving and controlling the drive mechanism to work.
 4. The vision correction method of claim 1, wherein the drive mechanism is a multi-axis drive mechanism, and the tool is a cutting tool.
 5. The vision correction method of claim 2, wherein the preset coordinate system T_(G) comprises three coordinate axes X_(G)-axis, Y_(G)-axis and Z_(G)-axis positioned parallel to the corresponding three coordinate axes X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis of the basic coordinate system T₀ respectively, the coordinate value of the origin P₀ of the preset coordinate system T_(G) is stored into the controller.
 6. The vision correction method of claim 5, wherein the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) is established by the following steps: adjusting the vision lens to aim at and being parallel to an X_(G)Z_(G) plane of the preset coordinate system T_(G); capturing a two-dimensional picture of the X_(G)Z_(G) plane via the vision lens; and establishing the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) based on the two-dimensional picture of the X_(G)Z_(G) plane of the preset coordinate system T_(G).
 7. The vision correction method of claim 6, wherein, the vision correction method further includes driving the TCP of the tool to move back to its original position P₁ before rotating the tool to rotate about another axis of the preset coordinate system T_(G) by θ₂ degrees.
 8. The vision correction method of claim 1, wherein, the vision lens comprises a picture analysis unit for recognizing the TCP and calculating the scaling ratio λ of the vision coordinate system T_(V) relative to the preset coordinate system T_(G).
 9. A vision correction method for tool center point of a robot manipulator, the robot manipulator comprising a main body, a drive mechanism, a tool assembled to a distal end of the main body and having a tool center point (TCP), and a vision lens positioned aside of the tool; the robot manipulator predefining a basic coordinate system T₀, the vision correction method comprising the following steps: defining a preset position P₀ of the TCP and establishing a preset coordinate system T_(G) based on the preset position P₀, defining the actual position of the TCP as P₁; defining the deviation between the preset position P₀ of the TCP and the actual position P₁ of the TCP as ΔP (Δx, Δy, Δz); the preset coordinate system T_(G) comprising three coordinate axes X_(G)-axis, Y_(G)-axis and Z_(G)-axis positioned parallel to the corresponding three coordinate axes X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis of the basic coordinate system T₀ respectively, the coordinate value of the origin P₀ of the preset coordinate system T_(G) being stored into the controller; capturing a picture of the actual TCP and establishing a two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) based on the picture, defining the corresponding coordinate of the actual TCP formed within the two-dimensional visual coordinate system T_(V) as P₁′; calculating a scaling ratio λ of the vision coordinate system T_(V) relative to the preset coordinate system T_(G); driving the tool to rotate relative to the Z_(G)-axis direction of the preset coordinate system T_(G) by about 180 degrees, capturing a picture of the TCP of the tool thereby obtaining the coordinate value of the TCP of the tool relative to the vision coordinate system T_(V), and then calculating the value of Δx; driving the tool to move back to its original position, and rotating the tool relative to the Z_(G)-axis direction of the preset coordinate system T_(G) by about 90 degrees, capturing a picture of the TCP of the tool thereby obtaining the coordinate value of the TCP of the tool relative to the vision coordinate system T_(V), and then calculating the value of Δy; driving the tool to move back to its original position, and rotating the TCP of the tool relative to the Y_(G)-axis direction of the preset coordinate system T_(G) by about 90 degrees, capturing a picture of the TCP thereby obtaining the coordinate value of the TCP relative to the vision coordinate system T_(V), and then calculating the value of Δz; calculating the deviation ΔP (Δx, Δy, Δz) and comparing the deviation ΔP with a maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator; wherein, if the deviation ΔP is less than or equal to the maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator, the preset position P₀ of the TCP is then considered as the actual position P₁ of the TCP thereby finishing the coordinate correction work; if the deviation ΔP is greater than the maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator, then, amending the position parameters of the preset position P₀ of the TCP, and repeating the vision correction method for tool center point till the final deviation is less than or equal to the maximum allowable deviation of the robot manipulator.
 10. The vision correction method of claim 9, wherein the origin of the basic coordinate system T₀ is established at the distal end of the main body, the preset position P₀ is an estimated position close to the actual position of the TCP of the tool.
 11. The vision correction method of claim 10, wherein the robot manipulator further comprises a base, the drive mechanism is mounted in the main body and connected with the controller, the controller comprises a preset control software installed therein for driving and controlling the drive mechanism to work.
 12. The vision correction method of claim 9, wherein the drive mechanism is a multi-axis drive mechanism, and the tool is a cutting tool.
 13. The vision correction method of claim 9, wherein, the vision lens comprises a picture analysis unit for recognizing the TCP and calculating the scaling ratio λ of the vision coordinate system T_(V) relative to the preset coordinate system T_(G). 